The Bahri dynasty or Bahriyya Mamluks (al-Mamalik al-Bahariyya المماليك البحرية) was a Mamluk A Mamluk (Arabic: مملوك , مماليك mamālīk (plural), "owned"; also transliterated mamluq, mamluke, mameluk, mameluke, mamaluke or marmeluke) was a soldier of slave origin who had converted to Islam. The "mamluk phenomenon," as David Ayalon has called it, was of great political importance and was extraordinarily long- dynasty Historians traditionally consider a state's history within a framework of successive dynasties, particularly with such nations as China, Ancient Egypt and the Persian Empire. Much of European political history was dominated, successively and together, by dynasties such as the Carolingians, the Capetians, the Habsburgs, the Stuarts, the of mostly Kipchak Kipchaks (Turkic: Kypchak, Kıpçak) were an ancient Turkic people who, it is thought, originally formed part of the group of Kimäks in Siberia along the middle reaches of Irtysh or along the Ob. Around the middle of the 11th century, they split off from the bulk of the Kimaks and departed in the direction of Europe, where they formed a Turkic Islam , Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, Shamanism, Tengriism, Atheism, Agnosticism and Syncretic religion origin that ruled Egypt Egypt (pronounced /ˈiːdʒɪpt/ ; Arabic: مصر‎ Miṣr, pronounced [misˤɾ] ( listen); Arabic: مِصْر Miṣr [ˈmisˤɾ]; Egyptian Arabic: مَصْر Maṣr [ˈmɑsˤɾ]; Coptic: Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ, kīmi; Egyptian: 𓆎𓅓𓏏𓊖 Kemet), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula from 1250 to 1382 when they were succeeded by the Burji dynasty The Burji dynasty المماليك البرجية ruled Egypt from 1382 until 1517. It proved especially turbulent, with short-lived sultans. Political power-plays often became important in designating a new sultan. During this time Mamluks fought Timur Lenk and conquered Cyprus. Constant bickering may have contributed to the ability of the, another group of Mamluks. Their name means 'of the sea', referring to the location of their original residence on Al-Rodah Island in the Nile (Bahr al-Nil) in Cairo Cairo is the capital of Egypt, the largest city in Africa and the Arab World, and one of the most densely populated cities in the world. Nicknamed "The City of a Thousand Minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture, Cairo has long been a center of the region's political and cultural life. Even before Cairo was established in[1] at the castle of Al-Rodah which was built by the Ayyubid The Ayyubids were a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Kurdish origin, centered in Cairo and Damascus that ruled much of the Middle East during the 12th and 13th centuries CE. The Ayyubid family, under the brothers Ayyub and Shirkuh, originally served as soldiers for the Zengids until they gradually gained independence from them under Saladin, Ayyub's son Sultan as-Salih Ayyub Al-Malik as-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub ( Nickname : Abu al-Fituh أبو الفتوح ) (Cairo, c. 1205 – 22 November 1249 in Al Mansurah), also known as al-Malik al-Salih was the Ayyubid ruler of Egypt from 1240 to 1249[2][3]

Contents

History

See also: Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo) The Mamluk Sultanate was a regime composed of mamluks who ruled Egypt and Syria from the mid-1200s to the early 1500s. By the time of the fall of the Ayyubids, most Mamluks were Kipchak Turks. While Mamluks were purchased, their status was above ordinary slaves, who were not allowed to carry weapons or perform certain tasks. Mamluks were Reguib under Bahri Mamluks at its greatest extent, blue indicates the Ilkhanates The Ilkhanate, also spelled Il-khanate or Il Khanate , was a Mongol khanate established in Persia in the 13th century, considered a part of the Mongol Empire. The Ilkhanate was based, originally, on Genghis Khan's campaigns in the Khwarezmid Empire in 1219–1224, and founded by Genghis's grandson, Hulagu, in what territories which today comprise.

The Mamluks A Mamluk (Arabic: مملوك , مماليك mamālīk (plural), "owned"; also transliterated mamluq, mamluke, mameluk, mameluke, mamaluke or marmeluke) was a soldier of slave origin who had converted to Islam. The "mamluk phenomenon," as David Ayalon has called it, was of great political importance and was extraordinarily long- formed one of the most powerful and wealthiest empires of the time, lasting from 1250 to 1517. In 1250, when the Ayyubid The Ayyubids were a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Kurdish origin, centered in Cairo and Damascus that ruled much of the Middle East during the 12th and 13th centuries CE. The Ayyubid family, under the brothers Ayyub and Shirkuh, originally served as soldiers for the Zengids until they gradually gained independence from them under Saladin, Ayyub's son sultan as-Salih Ayyub Al-Malik as-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub ( Nickname : Abu al-Fituh أبو الفتوح ) (Cairo, c. 1205 – 22 November 1249 in Al Mansurah), also known as al-Malik al-Salih was the Ayyubid ruler of Egypt from 1240 to 1249 died, the Mamluks he had owned as slaves murdered his son and heir Turanshah, and Shajar al-Durr the widow of as-Salih became the Sultana of Egypt. She married the Atabeg Atabeg, Atabek, or Atabey is a hereditary title of nobility of Turkic origin, indicating a governor of a nation or province who was subordinate to a monarch and charged with raising the crown prince. First instance of the title's appearance was with early Seljuqs It later became used in the Kingdom of Georgia, first with the Armeno-Georgian family (commander in chief) Emir Emir , ("commander" or "general", also "prince" ; also transliterated as amir, aamir or ameer) is a high title of nobility or office, used throughout the Muslim world. Amirs are usually considered high-ranking sheikhs, but in monarchical states the term is also used for princes, with "Emirate" being Aybak He ruled from 1250 to 1257. He was an Emir/commander of Turkic origin who served with other Turkmens in the court of the Ayyubid sultan as-Salih Ayyub and therefore was known among the Bahri Mamluks as Aybak al-Turkmani. He raised to the position of Emir and worked as a Jashnkir (taster of the sultan's food and drink) and used the rank of a and abdicated, Aybak becoming Sultan. He ruled from 1250 to 1257.[4][5] The Mamluks consolidated their power in ten years and eventually established the Bahri dynasty. They were helped by the Mongols Tibetan Buddhism and Shamanism' sack of Baghdad Baghdad is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is coterminous. Having a municipal population estimated between 7 and 7.5 million, it is the largest city in Iraq and the second largest city in the Arab World (after Cairo, Egypt) in 1258, which effectively destroyed the Abbasid caliphate The Abbasid Caliphate was the third of the Islamic Caliphates of the Islamic Empire [disambiguation needed]. It was ruled by the Abbasid dynasty of caliphs, who built their capital in Baghdad after overthrowing the Umayyad caliphs from all but Al Andalus. Cairo Cairo is the capital of Egypt, the largest city in Africa and the Arab World, and one of the most densely populated cities in the world. Nicknamed "The City of a Thousand Minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture, Cairo has long been a center of the region's political and cultural life. Even before Cairo was established in became more prominent as a result and remained a Mamluk capital thereafter.

A Mamluk cavalryman.

The Mamluks were power cavalry warriors mixing the practices of the Turkic Islam , Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, Shamanism, Tengriism, Atheism, Agnosticism and Syncretic religion steppe peoples from which they were drawn and the organizational and technological sophistication of the Egyptians and Arabs. In 1260 the Mamluks defeated a Mongol army at the Battle of Ain Jalut The Battle of Ain Jalut took place on 3 September 1260 between the Egyptian Mamluks and the Mongols in Palestine, in the Jezreel Valley, not far from Ein Harod in modern-day Israel Israel , officially the State of Israel (Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל (help·info), Medīnat Yisrā'el; Arabic: دَوْلَةُ إِسْرَائِيلَ‎, Dawlat Isrā'īl), is a parliamentary republic in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the and eventually forced the invaders to retreat to the area of modern-day Iraq Iraq , officially the Republic of Iraq (Arabic: جمهورية العراق (help·info) Jumhūrīyat Al-Irāq, Kurdish: كؤماری عێراق‎, Komara Îraqê) is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert.[6] The defeat of the Mongols at the hands of the Mamluks enhanced the position of the Mamluks in the southern Mediterranean basin The Mediterranean Basin comprises the lands around and surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea. In biogeography, the Mediterranean Basin refers to the lands around the Mediterranean Sea that have a Mediterranean climate, with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers, which supports characteristic Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub vegetation.[7][8] Baibars Baibars or Baybars , nicknamed Abu al-Futuh (Arabic: أبو الفتوح) (1223 – July 1, 1277, Damascus), was a Mamluk Sultan of Egypt and Syria. He was one of the commanders of the forces which inflicted a devastating defeat on the Seventh Crusade of King Louis IX of France and he led the vanguard of the Egyptian army at the Battle of Ain, one of the leaders at the battle, became the new Sultan after the assassination of Sultan Qutuz on the way home.[9][10]

In 1250 Baibars was one of the Mamluk commanders who defended Al Mansurah[11] against the Crusade knights of Louis IX of France Louis IX , commonly Saint Louis, was King of France from 1226 until his death. He was also styled Louis II, Count of Artois from 1226 to 1237. Born at Poissy, near Paris, he was a member of the House of Capet, the son of Louis VIII and Blanche of Castile. He worked with the Parlement of Paris in order to improve the professionalism of his, who was later definitely defeated, captured in Fariskur and ransomed[12] . Baibars had also taken part in the Mamluk takeover of Egypt Egypt (pronounced /ˈiːdʒɪpt/ ; Arabic: مصر‎ Miṣr, pronounced [misˤɾ] ( listen); Arabic: مِصْر Miṣr [ˈmisˤɾ]; Egyptian Arabic: مَصْر Maṣr [ˈmɑsˤɾ]; Coptic: Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ, kīmi; Egyptian: 𓆎𓅓𓏏𓊖 Kemet), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula. In 1261 , after he became a Sultan, he established a puppet Abbasid caliphate in Cairo Cairo is the capital of Egypt, the largest city in Africa and the Arab World, and one of the most densely populated cities in the world. Nicknamed "The City of a Thousand Minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture, Cairo has long been a center of the region's political and cultural life. Even before Cairo was established in,[13] and the Mamluks fought the remnants of the Crusader states in Palestine until they finally captured Acre Acre also Akko, is a city in the Western Galilee region of northern Israel and is situated on a low promontory at the northern extremity of Haifa Bay. According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Acre had a population of 46,000 at the end of 2007. Historically Acre has been regarded as the key to the Levant due to its strategic in 1291.[14] Many Tatars Sunni Islam with Orthodox Christian and Irreligious minorities settled in Egypt and were employed by Baibars.[15][16] He defeated the Mongols at the battle of Elbistan[17] and sent the Abbasid The Abbasid caliphate or, more simply, the Abbasids , was the third of the Islamic caliphates. It was ruled by the Abbasid dynasty of caliphs, who built their capital in Baghdad after overthrowing the Umayyad caliphs from all but Al Andalus Caliph with only 250 men to attempted to retake Baghdad, but was unsuccessful. In 1266 he devastated Cilician Armenia and in 1268 he recaptured Antioch Antioch on the Orontes was an ancient city on the eastern side of the Orontes River. It is near the modern city of Antakya, Turkey from the Crusaders.[18][19] In addition, he fought the Seljuks The Seljuq were a Turco-Persian Sunni Muslim dynasty that ruled parts of Central Asia and the Middle East from the 11th to 14th centuries. They set up an empire, the Great Seljuq Empire, which at its height stretched from Anatolia through Persia and which was the target of the First Crusade. The dynasty had its origins in the Turcoman tribal,[20] and Hashshashin The Hashshashin was a pejorative name given to the Nizari Ismailis, particularly those of Syria and Persia, by their adversaries during the Middle Ages. Preserved within European sources, such as the writings of Marco Polo, the term was used deprecatorily to describe the Nizaris as trained killers, responsible for the systematic elimination of; he also extended Muslim power into Nubia Nubia is a region along the Nile, since 1956 divided between southern Egypt and in northern Sudan[16] for the first time, before his death in 1277.

Sultan Qalawun defeated a rebellion in Syria that was led by Sunqur al-Ashqar in 1280,[21][22] and also defeated another Mongol invasion in 1281 that was led by Abaqa outside Homs Homs (Arabic: حمص‎, Ḥims, also spelled Hims and anciently called Emesa is a city in western Syria and the capital of the Hims Governorate. It is 501 metres (1,644 ft) above sea level and is located 162 kilometres (101 mi) north of Damascus. Located on the Orontes River, Hims is also the central link between the interior cities and the.[23] After the Mongol threat passed he recaptured Tripoli from the Crusaders in 1289.[24] His son Khalil captured Acre Acre also Akko, is a city in the Western Galilee region of northern Israel and is situated on a low promontory at the northern extremity of Haifa Bay. According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Acre had a population of 46,000 at the end of 2007. Historically Acre has been regarded as the key to the Levant due to its strategic, the last Crusader city, in 1291.[25][26]

Golden Horde's Domains in 1389

The Mongols renewed their invasion in 1299,[27] but were again defeated in 1303.[28][29] The Egyptian Mamluk Sultans entered into relations with the Golden Horde The Golden Horde is an East Slavic designation for the Mongol—later Turkicized—Muslim khanate established in the western part of the Mongol Empire after the Mongol invasion of Rus' in the 1240s: present-day Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, Kazakhstan, and the Caucasus. Also known as the Ulus of Jochi or the Kipchak Khanate (not to be confused with who converted to Islam[30] and established a peace pact with the Mongols[31] in 1322. Sultan Al-Nasir Muhammad married a Mongol princess in 1319. His diplomatic relations were more extensive than those of any previous Sultan, and included Bulgarian Bulgaria (pronounced /bʌlˈɡɛəriə/ Bulgarian: България, Balgariya, pronounced [bɤ̞lˈɡarijɐ]), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (Република България, Republika Balgariya, [rɛˈpublikɐ bɤ̞lˈɡarijɐ]), is a country in south-eastern Europe. Bulgaria borders five other countries: Romania to the north (mostly, Indian Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four major religions, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism originated here, while Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity and Islam, and Abyssinian Ethiopia (Ge'ez: ኢትዮጵያ ʾĪtyōṗṗyā) is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa. Officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, it is the second-most populous nation in Africa with over 79.2 million people and the tenth-largest by area with its 1,100,000 km2. The capital is Addis Ababa. Ethiopia is potentates, as well as the pope The Pope (from Latin: papa; from Greek: πάππας, a child's word for father) is the Bishop of Rome, a position that makes him the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church (that is, the Latin Rite and the Eastern Catholic Churches in full communion with the see of Rome). The current office-holder is Pope Benedict XVI, who was elected in a papal, the king of Aragon and the king of France The monarchs of France ruled, first as kings and later as emperors , from the Middle Ages to 1870. There is some disagreement as to when France came into existence. The earliest possible date would be the establishment of the Merovingian Frankish kingdom by Clovis I in 486 with the defeat of Syagrius, the last Roman official in Gaul. That kingdom'.[32] Al-Nasir Muhammad organized the re-digging of a canal in 1311 which connected Alexandria Alexandria , with a population of 4.1 million, is the second-largest city in Egypt, and is the country's largest seaport, serving approximately 80% of Egypt's imports and exports. Alexandria is also an important tourist resort. Alexandria extends about 32 km (20 mi) along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in north-central Egypt. It is home to the with the Nile The Nile is a major north-flowing river in Africa, generally regarded as the longest river in the world.[31] He died in 1341, and the constant changes of sultan that followed led to great disorder in the provinces; meanwhile, in 1349 , during Al-Nasir Muhammad first reign, Egypt and the Levant were visited by the Black Death The Black Death was one of the deadliest pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1348 and 1350. It is widely thought to have been an outbreak of bubonic plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, although this view has been challenged by a number of scholars. Usually thought to have started in Central Asia, it had reached the, which is said to have carried off many lives of the inhabitants.[33][34]

In 1382 the last Bahri Sultan al-Salih Salah Zein al-Din Hajji was dethroned and the Sultanate was taken over by the Circassian Circassians are a North Caucasian nation and an ethnic group who belong to one of the oldest indigenous peoples of the Caucasus and are among the original inhabitants of the Caucasus. They dwelled and inhabited the whole Northwestern region of the Caucasus and were once among the majority living in the Caucasus before the Russian conquest of the Emir Barquq. He was expelled in 1389 but returned to power in 1390, setting up the Burji dynasty The Burji dynasty المماليك البرجية ruled Egypt from 1382 until 1517. It proved especially turbulent, with short-lived sultans. Political power-plays often became important in designating a new sultan. During this time Mamluks fought Timur Lenk and conquered Cyprus. Constant bickering may have contributed to the ability of the.[35]

List of Bahri Sultans

Show All>>

 

The above information uses material from Wikipedia and is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
Some facts may not have been fully verified for accuracy. [Disclaimers]
This page was last archived by our server on Tue Sep 7 21:10:47 2010. [ refresh local cache ]
Displaying this page or its contents does not use any Wikimedia Foundation's resources.
The owners of this site proudly support the Wikimedia Foundation.

[Hide]▼
'Bahri Dynasty' Blogs
History of Egypt
travelategypthis.blogspot.com
History of Egypt

Mohamed Elzomor

Fri, 05 Mar 2010 12:19:00 GM

Ptolemaic . Dynasty. . Roman Period. Roman Period; Byzantine Period. Islamic Period. Abbasid Period; Fatimid Period; Ayyubid Period; Mameluke Period; . Bahri. Mameluke Period; Burgi Mameluke Period; Ottoman Turk Period ...

Google Blogs Search: Bahri dynasty,
Tue Sep 7 21:10:56 2010
[Hide]▲